More frequent, severe heat waves linked to pollution from major fossil fuel producers, study finds

(10 Sep 2025)
RESTRICTION SUMMARY:

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ARCHIVE: Sakhir, Bahrain – 13 December 2014
1. Various of oil pump in operation
2. Oil pump reflected in puddle of spilled oil on ground

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Zurich – 8 September 2025
3. SOUNDBITE (English) Sonia Seneviratne, climate professor at ETH Zurich University:
"This main study is making a link between emissions from carbon majors, what we mean by carbon majors is these are the main producers of basically fossil fuels, so oil, coal or gas, also cement, and associated changes in heat waves."

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ARCHIVE: Pula, Croatia – 2 July 2025
4. Woman waving a fan

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ARCHIVE: Athens, Greece – 9 July 2025
5. Various of tourists covering their heads with umbrellas and fans
6. Close of sign at pharmacy reading: 44C (111.2 degrees Fahrenheit)

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Zurich – 8 September 2025
7. SOUNDBITE (English) Sonia Seneviratne, climate professor at ETH Zurich University:
"So we looked at the range of heat waves that happened recently, and we looked at how much more probable they were made because of those emissions of the carbon majors. And what we find is that for many events, they were made clearly much more probable."

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ARCHIVE: Cheshire, Ohio – 14 April 2025
8. Various of the coal-fired Gavin Power Plant operating ++PART MUTE++

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Zurich – 8 September 2025
9. SOUNDBITE (English) Sonia Seneviratne, climate professor at ETH Zurich University:
"We find that even individual contributions are often sufficient to make some of those heat waves basically definitely much more probable."

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ARCHIVE: Cologne, Germany – 2 July 2025
10. Various of people cooling off in water sprinklers

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Zurich – 8 September 2025
11. SOUNDBITE (English) Sonia Seneviratne, climate professor at ETH Zurich University:
"The largest emitter was the former Soviet Union. So in the total emissions, we have also presence of China, so a country associated with coal. Then we have companies which are like Exxon, it’s one company among the top five. And we also have other companies which are strongly tied to a given country like Saudi Aramco, so it’s a company but it’s very strongly connected to Saudi Arabia."

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ARCHIVE: Kyangwali, Kikuube District, Uganda – 24 January 2023
12. Wide of Kingfisher oil rig, operated by a Chinese company
13. Various of the oil rig

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ARCHIVE: Abu Dhabi – 11 November 2019
14. Various of Saudi Aramco, Total and Exxon mobil stands

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Bloomington, Indiana – 9 September 2025
15. SOUNDBITE (English) Chris Callahan, climate scientist at Indiana University
"For a while, it was argued that any individual contributor to climate change was making too small or too diffuse a contribution to ever be linked to any particular impact, and this emerging science, both this paper and others, is showing that that’s not true."

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ARCHIVE: Hackberry, Louisiana – 1 April 2022
16. Various of flare burning at LNG facility
STORYLINE:
Fifty-five heat waves over the past quarter-century would not have happened without human-caused climate change, according to a study published Wednesday.

The study in the journal Nature, which examined a set of 213 heat waves from 2000 to 2023, also reported that planet-warming emissions from 180 major cement, oil and gas producers contributed significantly to all of the heat events considered in the study.

AP Video produced by Teresa de Miguel
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